Psalms78
King James Version · Public Domain
1 Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth.
2 I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old:
3 Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us.
4 We will not hide them from their children, shewing to the generation to come the praises of the Lord, and his strength, and his wonderful works that he hath done.
5 For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:
6 That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children:
7 That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments:
8 And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God.
9 The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle.
10 They kept not the covenant of God, and refused to walk in his law;
11 And forgat his works, and his wonders that he had shewed them.
12 Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.
13 He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap.
14 In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fire.
15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.
16 He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
17 And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness.
18 And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust.
19 Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?
20 Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?
21 Therefore the Lord heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;
22 Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:
23 Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,
24 And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.
25 Man did eat angels' food: he sent them meat to the full.
26 He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind.
27 He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea:
28 And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations.
29 So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire;
30 They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths,
31 The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.
32 For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.
33 Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble.
34 When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and enquired early after God.
35 And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.
36 Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues.
37 For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant.
38 But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath.
39 For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again.
40 How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert!
41 Yea, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel.
42 They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them from the enemy.
43 How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Zoan:
44 And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that they could not drink.
45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.
46 He gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their labour unto the locust.
47 He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost.
48 He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.
49 He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.
50 He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence;
51 And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:
52 But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.
53 And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.
54 And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this mountain, which his right hand had purchased.
55 He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.
56 Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies:
57 But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.
58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.
59 When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel:
60 So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men;
61 And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy's hand.
62 He gave his people over also unto the sword; and was wroth with his inheritance.
63 The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens were not given to marriage.
64 Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation.
65 Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine.
66 And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.
67 Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim:
68 But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved.
69 And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever.
70 He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:
71 From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.
72 So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.
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Psalms 78Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Psalms 78. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Attention called for. (1–8). The history of Israel. (9–39). Their settlement in Canaan. (40–55). The mercies of God to Israel contrasted with their ingratitude. (56–72).
vv1-8
These are called dark and deep sayings, because they are carefully to be looked into. The law of God was given with a particular charge to teach it diligently to their children, that the church may abide for ever. Also, that the providences of God, both in mercy and in judgment, might encourage them to conform to the will of God. The works of God much strengthen our resolution to keep his commandments. Hypocrisy is the high road to apostacy; those that do not set their hearts right, will not be stedfast with God. Many parents, by negligence and wickedness, become murderers of their children. But young persons, though they are bound to submit in all things lawful, must not obey sinful orders, or copy sinful examples.
vv9-39
Sin dispirits men, and takes away the heart. Forgetfulness of God's works is the cause of disobedience to his laws. This narrative relates a struggle between God's goodness and man's badness. The Lord hears all our murmurings and distrusts, and is much displeased. Those that will not believe the power of God's mercy, shall feel the fire of his indignation. Those cannot be said to trust in God's salvation as their happiness at last, who can not trust his providence in the way to it. To all that by faith and prayer, ask, seek, and knock, these doors of heaven shall at any time be opened; and our distrust of God is a great aggravation of our sins. He expressed his resentment of their provocation; not in denying what they sinfully lusted after, but in granting it to them. Lust is contented with nothing. Those that indulge their lust, will never be estranged from it. Those hearts are hard indeed, that will neither be melted by the mercies of the Lord, nor broken by his judgments. Those that sin still, must expect to be in trouble still. And the reason why we live with so little comfort, and to so little purpose, is, because we do not live by faith. Under these rebukes they professed repentance, but they were not sincere, for they were not constant. In Israel's history we have a picture of our own hearts and lives. God's patience, and warnings, and mercies, imbolden them to harden their hearts against his word. And the history of kingdoms is much the same. Judgments and mercies have been little attended to, until the measure of their sins has been full. And higher advantages have not kept churches from declining from the commandments of God. Even true believers recollect, that for many a year they abused the kindness of Providence. When they come to heaven, how will they admire the Lord's patience and mercy in bringing them to his kingdom!
vv40-55
Let not those that receive mercy from God, be thereby made bold to sin, for the mercies they receive will hasten its punishment; yet let not those who are under Divine rebukes for sin, be discouraged from repentance. The Holy One of Israel will do what is most for his own glory, and what is most for their good. Their forgetting former favours, led them to limit God for the future. God made his own people to go forth like sheep; and guided them in the wilderness, as a shepherd his flock, with all care and tenderness. Thus the true Joshua, even Jesus, brings his church out of the wilderness; but no earthly Canaan, no worldly advantages, should make us forget that the church is in the wilderness while in this world, and that there remaineth a far more glorious rest for the people of God.
Key Words
מַשְׂכִּיל: instructive, i.e. a didactic poem
אָסָף: Asaph, the name of three Israelites, and of the family of the first
אָזַן: to broaden out the ear (with the hand), i.e. (by implication) to listen
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
תּוֹרָה: a precept or statute, especially the Decalogue or Pentateuch
נָטָה: to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application
אֹזֶן: broadness. i.e. (concrete) the ear (from its form in man)
אֵמֶר: something said
פֶּה: the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition) according to
פָּתַח: to open wide (literally or figuratively); specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve
Cross References
Psalms 78Matthew explicitly quotes this verse as fulfilled by Christ's teaching in parables.
Supported by John Calvin
Direct historical reference to the burning fire of the Lord's anger at Taberah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The exact historical fulfillment: the wrath of God striking while meat was in their mouths.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The historical fulfillment of God forsaking the tabernacle of Shiloh when the Philistines captured the Ark.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The capture of the ark (God's strength/glory) and death of Hophni and Phinehas.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct parallel to commanding fathers to make the law known to their children.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical account of God striking the rock in Horeb to produce water.
Supported by JFB
The second historical instance of Moses striking the rock to produce abundant water.
Supported by JFB
New Testament identification of the wilderness rock as a type of Christ.
The historical account of the wind bringing quail from the sea.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
God's decree consuming their days in vanity and wandering in the wilderness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels flattering with mouths and lying with tongues while hearts are far away.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Direct parallel of God remembering His people are but frail flesh and dust.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Directly links Israel's repeated desert murmurings to the 'ten times' they tempted and limited God.
Supported by JFB
Uses the identical, vivid prophetic metaphor of Israel as a warped, 'deceitful bow' failing its purpose.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Jeremiah points back to God's judgment on Shiloh as a warning for Jerusalem's temple.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God's covenant reminder of taking David from the sheepcote to lead Israel.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Echoes God declaring His testimonies and laws uniquely to Jacob and Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Mentions Hebron and Zoan, aligning with the historical setting in the field of Zoan.
Supported by JFB
An evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God, echoing verse 22.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Christ discusses the true bread from heaven in contrast to the wilderness manna.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Establishes God as the Rock, their faithful Redeemer and Creator.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Internal cross-reference defining a heart not set aright or steadfast with God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The historical account of the first plague turning the Nile and rivers of Egypt to blood.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The ultimate plague on Egypt: the slaying of the firstborn in the land of Ham.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Shares the identical shepherd-and-flock imagery for God leading His people through the wilderness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfills Moses' prophetic song of bringing the people to the mountain of God's inheritance.
Supported by John Calvin, Matthew Poole
Phinehas' wife names the child Ichabod, for the glory has departed with the ark.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The Lord smote the Philistines in the hinder parts with emerods at Ashdod.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God casting out Ephraim and rejecting the tabernacle of Shiloh.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Judah prevailed over his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David keeping the sheep when Samuel arrives to anoint him as king.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The legal background defining a 'stubborn and rebellious' generation.
Supported by JFB
Parallel description of an evil ruler who 'prepared (set) not his heart' to seek God.
Supported by JFB
Historical record of the northern tribes (Ephraim) rejecting God's covenant.
Supported by JFB
Paul's commentary on Israel passing through the sea under the cloud.