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Psalms 78

Psalms78

American Standard Version · Public Domain

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1 Give ear, O my people, to my law: Incline your ears to the words of my mouth.

2 I will open my mouth in a parable; I will utter dark sayings of old,

3 Which we have heard and known, And our fathers have told us.

4 We will not hide them from their children, Telling to the generation to come the praises of Jehovah, And his strength, and his wondrous works that he hath done.

5 For he established a testimony in Jacob, And appointed a law in Israel, Which he commanded our fathers, That they should make them known to their children;

6 That the generation to come might know them, even the children that should be born; Who should arise and tell them to their children,

7 That they might set their hope in God, And not forget the works of God, But keep his commandments,

8 And might not be as their fathers, A stubborn and rebellious generation, A generation that set not their heart aright, And whose spirit was not stedfast with God.

9 The children of Ephraim, being armed and carrying bows, Turned back in the day of battle.

10 They kept not the covenant of God, And refused to walk in his law;

11 And they forgat his doings, And his wondrous works that he had showed them.

12 Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, In the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.

13 He clave the sea, and caused them to pass through; And he made the waters to stand as a heap.

14 In the day-time also he led them with a cloud, And all the night with a light of fire.

15 He clave rocks in the wilderness, And gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.

16 He brought streams also out of the rock, And caused waters to run down like rivers.

17 Yet went they on still to sin against him, To rebel against the Most High in the desert.

18 And they tempted God in their heart By asking food according to their desire.

19 Yea, they spake against God; They said, Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?

20 Behold, he smote the rock, so that waters gushed out, And streams overflowed; Can he give bread also? Will he provide flesh for his people?

21 Therefore Jehovah heard, and was wroth; And a fire was kindled against Jacob, And anger also went up against Israel;

22 Because they believed not in God, And trusted not in his salvation.

23 Yet he commanded the skies above, And opened the doors of heaven;

24 And he rained down manna upon them to eat, And gave them food from heaven.

25 Man did eat the bread of the mighty: He sent them food to the full.

26 He caused the east wind to blow in the heavens; And by his power he guided the south wind.

27 He rained flesh also upon them as the dust, And winged birds as the sand of the seas:

28 And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, Round about their habitations.

29 So they did eat, and were well filled; And he gave them their own desire.

30 They were not estranged from that which they desired, Their food was yet in their mouths,

31 When the anger of God went up against them, And slew of the fattest of them, And smote down the young men of Israel.

32 For all this they sinned still, And believed not in his wondrous works.

33 Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, And their years in terror.

34 When he slew them, then they inquired after him; And they returned and sought God earnestly.

35 And they remembered that God was their rock, And the Most High God their redeemer.

36 But they flattered him with their mouth, And lied unto him with their tongue.

37 For their heart was not right with him, Neither were they faithful in his covenant.

38 But he, being merciful, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: Yea, many a time turned he his anger away, And did not stir up all his wrath.

39 And he remembered that they were but flesh, A wind that passeth away, and cometh not again.

40 How oft did they rebel against him in the wilderness, And grieve him in the desert!

41 And they turned again and tempted God, And provoked the Holy One of Israel.

42 They remembered not his hand, Nor the day when he redeemed them from the adversary;

43 How he set his signs in Egypt, And his wonders in the field of Zoan,

44 And turned their rivers into blood, And their streams, so that they could not drink.

45 He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them; And frogs, which destroyed them.

46 He gave also their increase unto the caterpillar, And their labor unto the locust.

47 He destroyed their vines with hail, And their sycomore-trees with frost.

48 He gave over their cattle also to the hail, And their flocks to hot thunderbolts.

49 He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, Wrath, and indignation, and trouble, A band of angels of evil.

50 He made a path for his anger; He spared not their soul from death, But gave their life over to the pestilence,

51 And smote all the first-born in Egypt, The chief of their strength in the tents of Ham.

52 But he led forth his own people like sheep, And guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

53 And he led them safely, so that they feared not; But the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

54 And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, To this mountain, which his right hand had gotten.

55 He drove out the nations also before them, And allotted them for an inheritance by line, And made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.

56 Yet they tempted and rebelled against the Most High God, And kept not his testimonies;

57 But turned back, and dealt treacherously like their fathers: They were turned aside like a deceitful bow.

58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places, And moved him to jealousy with their graven images.

59 When God heard this, he was wroth, And greatly abhorred Israel;

60 So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, The tent which he placed among men;

61 And delivered his strength into captivity, And his glory into the adversary’s hand.

62 He gave his people over also unto the sword, And was wroth with his inheritance.

63 Fire devoured their young men; And their virgins had no marriage-song.

64 Their priests fell by the sword; And their widows made no lamentation.

65 Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, Like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine.

66 And he smote his adversaries backward: He put them to a perpetual reproach.

67 Moreover he refused the tent of Joseph, And chose not the tribe of Ephraim,

68 But chose the tribe of Judah, The mount Zion which he loved.

69 And he built his sanctuary like the heights, Like the earth which he hath established for ever.

70 He chose David also his servant, And took him from the sheepfolds:

71 From following the ewes that have their young he brought him, To be the shepherd of Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.

72 So he was their shepherd according to the integrity of his heart, And guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.

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Psalms 78

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Psalms 78. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Attention called for. (1–8). The history of Israel. (9–39). Their settlement in Canaan. (40–55). The mercies of God to Israel contrasted with their ingratitude. (56–72).

vv1-8

These are called dark and deep sayings, because they are carefully to be looked into. The law of God was given with a particular charge to teach it diligently to their children, that the church may abide for ever. Also, that the providences of God, both in mercy and in judgment, might encourage them to conform to the will of God. The works of God much strengthen our resolution to keep his commandments. Hypocrisy is the high road to apostacy; those that do not set their hearts right, will not be stedfast with God. Many parents, by negligence and wickedness, become murderers of their children. But young persons, though they are bound to submit in all things lawful, must not obey sinful orders, or copy sinful examples.

vv9-39

Sin dispirits men, and takes away the heart. Forgetfulness of God's works is the cause of disobedience to his laws. This narrative relates a struggle between God's goodness and man's badness. The Lord hears all our murmurings and distrusts, and is much displeased. Those that will not believe the power of God's mercy, shall feel the fire of his indignation. Those cannot be said to trust in God's salvation as their happiness at last, who can not trust his providence in the way to it. To all that by faith and prayer, ask, seek, and knock, these doors of heaven shall at any time be opened; and our distrust of God is a great aggravation of our sins. He expressed his resentment of their provocation; not in denying what they sinfully lusted after, but in granting it to them. Lust is contented with nothing. Those that indulge their lust, will never be estranged from it. Those hearts are hard indeed, that will neither be melted by the mercies of the Lord, nor broken by his judgments. Those that sin still, must expect to be in trouble still. And the reason why we live with so little comfort, and to so little purpose, is, because we do not live by faith. Under these rebukes they professed repentance, but they were not sincere, for they were not constant. In Israel's history we have a picture of our own hearts and lives. God's patience, and warnings, and mercies, imbolden them to harden their hearts against his word. And the history of kingdoms is much the same. Judgments and mercies have been little attended to, until the measure of their sins has been full. And higher advantages have not kept churches from declining from the commandments of God. Even true believers recollect, that for many a year they abused the kindness of Providence. When they come to heaven, how will they admire the Lord's patience and mercy in bringing them to his kingdom!

vv40-55

Let not those that receive mercy from God, be thereby made bold to sin, for the mercies they receive will hasten its punishment; yet let not those who are under Divine rebukes for sin, be discouraged from repentance. The Holy One of Israel will do what is most for his own glory, and what is most for their good. Their forgetting former favours, led them to limit God for the future. God made his own people to go forth like sheep; and guided them in the wilderness, as a shepherd his flock, with all care and tenderness. Thus the true Joshua, even Jesus, brings his church out of the wilderness; but no earthly Canaan, no worldly advantages, should make us forget that the church is in the wilderness while in this world, and that there remaineth a far more glorious rest for the people of God.

Cross References

Psalms 78
v2Matthew 13:35fulfillment

Matthew explicitly quotes this verse as fulfilled by Christ's teaching in parables.

Supported by John Calvin

v21Numbers 11:1-3allusion

Direct historical reference to the burning fire of the Lord's anger at Taberah.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v31Numbers 11:33allusion

The exact historical fulfillment: the wrath of God striking while meat was in their mouths.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v601 Samuel 4:4-11fulfillment

The historical fulfillment of God forsaking the tabernacle of Shiloh when the Philistines captured the Ark.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v611 Samuel 4:11fulfillment

The capture of the ark (God's strength/glory) and death of Hophni and Phinehas.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Deuteronomy 6:7thematic

Direct parallel to commanding fathers to make the law known to their children.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v15Exodus 17:6thematic

The historical account of God striking the rock in Horeb to produce water.

Supported by JFB

v15Numbers 20:11thematic

The second historical instance of Moses striking the rock to produce abundant water.

Supported by JFB

New Testament identification of the wilderness rock as a type of Christ.

v26Numbers 11:31allusion

The historical account of the wind bringing quail from the sea.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v33Numbers 14:29allusion

God's decree consuming their days in vanity and wandering in the wilderness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v36Isaiah 29:13thematic

Parallels flattering with mouths and lying with tongues while hearts are far away.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v39Psalms 103:14thematic

Direct parallel of God remembering His people are but frail flesh and dust.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v41Numbers 14:22thematic

Directly links Israel's repeated desert murmurings to the 'ten times' they tempted and limited God.

Supported by JFB

v57Hosea 7:16thematic

Uses the identical, vivid prophetic metaphor of Israel as a warped, 'deceitful bow' failing its purpose.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v60Jeremiah 7:12-14thematic

Jeremiah points back to God's judgment on Shiloh as a warning for Jerusalem's temple.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v702 Samuel 7:8thematic

God's covenant reminder of taking David from the sheepcote to lead Israel.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Psalms 147:19thematic

Echoes God declaring His testimonies and laws uniquely to Jacob and Israel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v12Numbers 13:22thematic

Mentions Hebron and Zoan, aligning with the historical setting in the field of Zoan.

Supported by JFB

v22Hebrews 3:12thematic

An evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God, echoing verse 22.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v24John 6:31-71typology

Christ discusses the true bread from heaven in contrast to the wilderness manna.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin

v35Deuteronomy 32:4thematic

Establishes God as the Rock, their faithful Redeemer and Creator.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v37Psalms 78:8thematic

Internal cross-reference defining a heart not set aright or steadfast with God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v44Exodus 7:17-21thematic

The historical account of the first plague turning the Nile and rivers of Egypt to blood.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v51Exodus 12:29thematic

The ultimate plague on Egypt: the slaying of the firstborn in the land of Ham.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v52Psalms 77:20thematic

Shares the identical shepherd-and-flock imagery for God leading His people through the wilderness.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v54Exodus 15:17fulfillment

Fulfills Moses' prophetic song of bringing the people to the mountain of God's inheritance.

Supported by John Calvin, Matthew Poole

v611 Samuel 4:21fulfillment

Phinehas' wife names the child Ichabod, for the glory has departed with the ark.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v661 Samuel 5:6fulfillment

The Lord smote the Philistines in the hinder parts with emerods at Ashdod.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v67Jeremiah 7:15thematic

God casting out Ephraim and rejecting the tabernacle of Shiloh.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v681 Chronicles 5:2thematic

Judah prevailed over his brethren, and of him came the chief ruler.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v701 Samuel 16:11fulfillment

David keeping the sheep when Samuel arrives to anoint him as king.

Supported by Matthew Poole

The legal background defining a 'stubborn and rebellious' generation.

Supported by JFB

Parallel description of an evil ruler who 'prepared (set) not his heart' to seek God.

Supported by JFB

v102 Kings 17:15thematic

Historical record of the northern tribes (Ephraim) rejecting God's covenant.

Supported by JFB

Paul's commentary on Israel passing through the sea under the cloud.