Jeremiah4
New International Version
1“If you, Israel, will return, then return to me,” declares the Lord. “If you put your detestable idols out of my sight and no longer go astray,
2and if in a truthful, just and righteous way you swear, ‘As surely as the Lord lives,’ then the nations will invoke blessings by him and in him they will boast.”
3This is what the Lord says to the people of Judah and to Jerusalem: “Break up your unplowed ground and do not sow among thorns.
4Circumcise yourselves to the Lord, circumcise your hearts, you people of Judah and inhabitants of Jerusalem, or my wrath will flare up and burn like fire because of the evil you have done— burn with no one to quench it.
5“Announce in Judah and proclaim in Jerusalem and say: ‘Sound the trumpet throughout the land!’ Cry aloud and say: ‘Gather together! Let us flee to the fortified cities!’
6Raise the signal to go to Zion! Flee for safety without delay! For I am bringing disaster from the north, even terrible destruction.”
7A lion has come out of his lair; a destroyer of nations has set out. He has left his place to lay waste your land. Your towns will lie in ruins without inhabitant.
8So put on sackcloth, lament and wail, for the fierce anger of the Lord has not turned away from us.
9“In that day,” declares the Lord, “the king and the officials will lose heart, the priests will be horrified, and the prophets will be appalled.”
10Then I said, “Alas, Sovereign Lord! How completely you have deceived this people and Jerusalem by saying, ‘You will have peace,’ when the sword is at our throats!”
11At that time this people and Jerusalem will be told, “A scorching wind from the barren heights in the desert blows toward my people, but not to winnow or cleanse;
12a wind too strong for that comes from me. Now I pronounce my judgments against them.”
13Look! He advances like the clouds, his chariots come like a whirlwind, his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us! We are ruined!
14Jerusalem, wash the evil from your heart and be saved. How long will you harbor wicked thoughts?
15A voice is announcing from Dan, proclaiming disaster from the hills of Ephraim.
16“Tell this to the nations, proclaim concerning Jerusalem: ‘A besieging army is coming from a distant land, raising a war cry against the cities of Judah.
17They surround her like men guarding a field, because she has rebelled against me,’” declares the Lord.
18“Your own conduct and actions have brought this on you. This is your punishment. How bitter it is! How it pierces to the heart!”
19Oh, my anguish, my anguish! I writhe in pain. Oh, the agony of my heart! My heart pounds within me, I cannot keep silent. For I have heard the sound of the trumpet; I have heard the battle cry.
20Disaster follows disaster; the whole land lies in ruins. In an instant my tents are destroyed, my shelter in a moment.
21How long must I see the battle standard and hear the sound of the trumpet?
22“My people are fools; they do not know me. They are senseless children; they have no understanding. They are skilled in doing evil; they know not how to do good.”
23I looked at the earth, and it was formless and empty; and at the heavens, and their light was gone.
24I looked at the mountains, and they were quaking; all the hills were swaying.
25I looked, and there were no people; every bird in the sky had flown away.
26I looked, and the fruitful land was a desert; all its towns lay in ruins before the Lord, before his fierce anger.
27This is what the Lord says: “The whole land will be ruined, though I will not destroy it completely.
28Therefore the earth will mourn and the heavens above grow dark, because I have spoken and will not relent, I have decided and will not turn back.”
29At the sound of horsemen and archers every town takes to flight. Some go into the thickets; some climb up among the rocks. All the towns are deserted; no one lives in them.
30What are you doing, you devastated one? Why dress yourself in scarlet and put on jewels of gold? Why highlight your eyes with makeup? You adorn yourself in vain. Your lovers despise you; they want to kill you.
31I hear a cry as of a woman in labor, a groan as of one bearing her first child— the cry of Daughter Zion gasping for breath, stretching out her hands and saying, “Alas! I am fainting; my life is given over to murderers.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Exhortations and promises. (1-2). Judah exhorted to repentance. (3-4). Judgements denounced. (5-18). The approaching ruin of Judah. (19-31).
vv1-2
The first two verses should be read with the last chapter. Sin must be put away out of the heart, else it is not put away out of God's sight, for the heart is open before him.
vv3-4
An unhumbled heart is like ground untilled. It is ground which may be improved; it is our ground let out to us; but it is fallow; it is over-grown with thorns and weeds, the natural product of the corrupt heart. Let us entreat the Lord to create in us a clean heart, and to renew a right spirit within us; for except a man be born again, he cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven.
vv5-18
The fierce conqueror of the neighbouring nations was to make Judah desolate. The prophet was afflicted to see the people lulled into security by false prophets. The approach of the enemy is described. Some attention was paid in Jerusalem to outward reformation; but it was necessary that their hearts should be washed, in the exercise of true repentance and faith, from the love and pollution of sin. When lesser calamities do not rouse sinners and reform nations, sentence will be given against them. The Lord's voice declares that misery is approaching, especially against wicked professors of the gospel; when it overtakes them, it will be plainly seen that the fruit of wickedness is bitter, and the end is fatal.
Key Words
אִם: used very widely as demonstrative, lo!; interrogative, whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh that!, when; hence, as a negative, not
שׁוּב: to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
נְאֻם: an oracle
סוּר: to turn off (literal or figurative)
שִׁקּוּץ: disgusting, i.e. filthy; especially idolatrous or (concretely) an idol
מִן: properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
לֹא: not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נוּד: to nod, i.e. waver; figuratively, to wander, flee, disappear; also (from shaking the head in sympathy), to console, deplore, or (from tossing the head in scorn) taunt
Cross References
Jeremiah 4Direct verbal echo of 'break up your fallow ground' used metaphorically for repentance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Theological foundation of spiritual circumcision, demanding taking away the foreskin of the heart.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament fulfillment of circumcision of the heart in the spirit, not the letter.
Supported by JFB
Deuteronomic promise of God circumcising the heart to love Him fully.
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Parallels Jeremiah's lament over false prophets promising 'ye shall have peace' before destruction.
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Parallel theme of one's own wickedness and backsliding correcting and bringing bitterness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal echo of 'without form, and void' (tohu va-bohu), depicting creation undone by judgment.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The promise of nations blessing themselves, traced back to Abrahamic Covenant.
Supported by JFB
Command to swear only by God's name as an act of exclusive worship.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Metaphor of the destructive east wind from the wilderness representing invading armies.
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The Deuteronomy 28 covenant curse of a nation swifter than eagles invading.
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Echos the phrase of swearing in truth and nations blessing themselves in Him.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament parallel linking true spiritual circumcision to putting off the body of sins.
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Identical urgent call to assemble and enter into the defenced cities.
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Historical precedent of putting away abominable idols under King Asa's reforms.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Theological parallel of God permitting false prophets to deceive a self-deceived people.
Supported by JFB