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1 Samuel 4

1 Samuel4

English Standard Version

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1 And the of came to all . Now to the . They at , and the at .

2 The drew up in , and when the , was the , who about on the of .

3 And when the to the , the of , has the Lord us the ? Let us the of the of the Lord here from , that it may us and us from the of our .

4 So the to and from there the of the of the Lord of , who is on the . And the of , and , were there with the of the of .

5 As soon as the of the of the Lord into the , all a , so that the .

6 And when the the of the , they , What does this in the of the ? And when they that the of the Lord had to the ,

7 the were , for they , A has into the . And they , to us! For like has .

8 to us! Who can us from the of these ? These are the who the with sort of in the .

9 Take , and , O , you to the as they have to you; and .

10 So the , and was , and they , every to his . And there was a , for of .

11 And the of was , and the of , and , .

12 A of from the and to the same , with his and with on his .

13 When he , was on his the , for his for the of . And when the into the and the news, the .

14 When the of the , he , What this ? Then the and and .

15 Now was and his were so that he not .

16 And the to , I am he who has from the ; I from the . And he , did it , my ?

17 He who brought the and , has the , and there has also been a among the . Your also, and , are , and the of has been .

18 As soon as he the of , Eli from his the of the , and his was and he , for the was and . He had .

19 Now his , the of , was , about to give . And when she the the of was , and that her and her were , she and , for her upon her.

20 And about the of her the her to her, Do not be , for you have a . But she did not or .

21 And she the , , The has from ! the of had been and because of her and her .

22 And she , The has from , for the of has been .

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1 Samuel 4

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Samuel 4. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Israelites overcome by the Philistines. (1–9). The ark taken. (10, 11). The death of Eli. (12–18). The birth of Ichabod. (19–22).

vv1-9

Israel is smitten before the Philistines. Sin, the accursed thing, was in the camp, and gave their enemies all the advantage they could wish for. They own the hand of God in their trouble; but, instead of submitting, they speak angrily, as not aware of any just provocation they had given him. The foolishness of man perverts his way, and then his heart frets against the Lord, Pr 19:3, and finds fault with him. They supposed that they could oblige God to appear for them, by bringing the ark into their camp. Those who have gone back in the life of religion, sometimes discover great fondness for the outward observances of it, as if those would save them; and as if the ark, God's throne, in the camp, would bring them to heaven, though the world and the flesh are on the throne in the heart.

vv10-11

The taking of the ark was a great judgment upon Israel, and a certain token of God's displeasure. Let none think to shelter themselves from the wrath of God, under the cloak of outward profession.

vv12-18

The defeat of the army was very grievous to Eli as a judge; the tidings of the death of his two sons, to whom he had been so indulgent, and who, as he had reason to fear, died impenitent, touched him as a father; yet there was a greater concern on his spirit. And when the messenger concluded his story with, “The ark of God is taken,” he is struck to the heart, and died immediately. A man may die miserably, yet not die eternally; may come to an untimely end, yet the end be peace.

Cross References

1 Samuel 4
v111 Samuel 2:34fulfillment

Direct fulfillment of God's sign that both of Eli's sons would die on the same day.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v10Psalms 78:60thematic

Explicit historical reflection on God forsaking the tabernacle of Shiloh in this defeat.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Psalms 78:61thematic

Sobering poetic commentary describing the taking of the Ark as delivering His strength into captivity.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v11 Samuel 7:12allusion

The place of battle, Eben-ezer, is named by anticipation of Samuel's later memorial stone.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11 Samuel 3:11fulfillment

The disastrous events fulfill the ears-tingling judgment prophecy God revealed to young Samuel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Jeremiah 7:12thematic

God warns Judah of judgment by pointing to what He did to Shiloh in this era.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Exodus 25:22thematic

Defines the description of the Ark of the Lord of hosts dwelling between the cherubim.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v3Numbers 10:33contrast

Contrast: Israel falsely trusted the Ark's physical presence rather than the Lord of the covenant.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v11Psalms 78:64thematic

Describes the death of the priests (Hophni and Phinehas) and lack of lamentation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 35:18thematic

Parallel naming of a child on a mother's deathbed amid national and familial distress.

Supported by JFB

v3Jeremiah 7:4thematic

Rebukes the superstitious trust in external religious institutions without corresponding internal obedience.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Joshua 7:6thematic

Identical cultural gestures of extreme mourning (rent clothes, dust/earth on the head) after defeat.

v21Romans 9:4thematic

Connects the glory of God in Israel with the Ark and the covenants.

v1Joshua 15:53thematic

Helps geographically identify Aphek as a border city within the territory of Judah.

Supported by Matthew Poole