1 Kings12
English Standard Version
Tap any underlined word for the original Hebrew or Greek.
1 to , had to to .
2 And as soon as the of of it (for he was in , he had ), then from .
3 And they and him, and and all the of and to ,
4 Your our . therefore the of your and his us, and we will you.
5 He to them, Go , then come to me. So the .
6 Then with the , who had his while he was yet , , do you me to ?
7 And they to him, you will be a to and them, and to them when you them, then they will be your .
8 But he the the him and with the had him.
9 And he to them, do you that we have to me, your us?
10 And the had with him to him, shall you to to you, Your our , but you it for us, shall you to them, My finger is than my .
11 And , whereas my you a , I will to your . My you with , but I will you with .
12 So and the to the , as the , Come to me the .
13 And the the , and the that the had him,
14 he to them according to the of the , , My your , but I will to your . My you with , but I will you with .
15 So the did to the , it was a turn of brought about the Lord he might his , the Lord the to the of .
16 And when the did to them, the the , do we have in ? We have in the of . To your , O ! to your own , . So to their .
17 But the of who in the of .
18 Then , was taskmaster the , and him to with . And to his to to .
19 So has been in against the of .
20 And when had , they and him to the and . There was that the of the of .
21 When to , he the of and the of , , to against the of , to the to the of .
22 But the of to the of :
23 to the of , of , and to the of and , and to the of the ,
24 the Lord, You shall or against your the of . Every to his , me. So they to the of the Lord and home , according to the of the Lord.
25 Then in the of and there. And he and .
26 And in his , the will turn to the of .
27 to in the of the Lord at , then the of will turn to their , to of , and they will me and to of .
28 So the and of . And he to the people, You have to . your , O , who of the of .
29 And he in , and the he in .
30 Then became a , for the as as to be .
31 He also on and all the , were the .
32 And a on the of the like the that was in , and he on the . he in , to the that he . And he in the of the he had .
33 He to the that he had in on the in the , in the he had his own . And he a for the of and to the to make .
People in this chapter — 18
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1 Kings 12Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 1 Kings 12. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Rehoboam's accession, The people's petition, His rough answer. (1–15). Ten tribes revolt. (16–24). Jeroboam's idolatry. (25–33).
vv1-15
The tribes complained not to Rehoboam of his father's idolatry, and revolt from God. That which was the greatest grievance, was none to them; so careless were they in matters of religion, if they might live at ease, and pay no taxes. Factious spirits will never want something to complain of. And when we see the Scripture account of Solomon's reign; the peace, wealth, and prosperity Israel then enjoyed; we cannot doubt but that their charges were false, or far beyond the truth. Rehoboam answered the people according to the counsel of the young men. Never was man more blinded by pride, and desire of arbitrary power, than which nothing is more fatal. God's counsels were hereby fulfilled. He left Rehoboam to his own folly, and hid from his eyes the things which belonged to his peace, that the kingdom might be rent from him. God serves his own wise and righteous purposes by the imprudences and sins of men. Those that lose the kingdom of heaven, throw it away, as Rehoboam, by wilfulness and folly.
vv16-24
The people speak unbecomingly of David. How soon are good men, and their good services to the public, forgotten! These considerations should reconcile us to our losses and troubles, that God is the Author of them, and our brethren the instruments: let us not meditate revenge. Rehoboam and his people hearkened to the word of the Lord. When we know God's mind, we must submit, how much soever it crosses our own mind. If we secure the favour of God, not all the universe can hurt us.
vv25-33
Jeroboam distrusted the providence of God; he would contrive ways and means, and sinful ones too, for his own safety. A practical disbelief of God's all-sufficiency is at the bottom of all our departures from him. Though it is probable he meant his worship for Jehovah the God of Israel, it was contrary to the Divine law, and dishonourable to the Divine majesty to be thus represented. The people might be less shocked at worshipping the God of Israel under an image, than if they had at once been asked to worship Baal; but it made way for that idolatry. Blessed Lord, give us grace to reverence thy temple, thine ordinances, thine house of prayer, thy sabbaths, and never more, like Jeroboam, to set up in our hearts any idol of abomination. Be thou to us every thing precious; do thou reign and rule in our hearts, the hope of glory.
Key Words
רְחַבְעָם: Rechabam, an Israelite king
יָלַךְ: to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)
שְׁכֶם: Shekem, a place in Palestine
כִּי: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
יָרׇבְעָם: Jarobam, the name of two Israelite kings
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
Cross References
1 Kings 12Explicit fulfillment of Ahijah's prophecy predicting the tearing of the ten tribes from Solomon's son.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Jeroboam uses the identical formula Aaron used for the golden calf: 'behold thy gods, O Israel...'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The exact parallel historical account of Rehoboam's assembly at Shechem and the subsequent revolt.
Supported by JFB
Echoes Sheba's earlier rebellion cry word-for-word: 'What portion have we in David... to your tents, O Israel.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Establishes why Jeroboam was in Egypt, having fled from King Solomon previously.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Adoram (Adoniram) was over the tribute, representing the very system of heavy taxation the people hated.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The parallel account of Rehoboam assembling Judah and Benjamin to fight Israel.
Supported by JFB
Explains that Levites left their suburbs and came to Judah because Jeroboam cast them off.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Shechem's historical significance as a volatile, central gathering place in Ephraim for making kings.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Samuel's warning that a king would make their yoke heavy with grievous service.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains Jeroboam's continued sin of consecrating priests from the lowest of the people.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The old men's advice of 'good words' illustrates 'a soft answer turneth away wrath' versus rough words.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God's sovereign decree to rend the kingdom from Solomon's son due to his idolatry.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Identifies Penuel, which Jeroboam built/fortified, as an ancient tower and stronghold.
Supported by JFB
Jeroboam's feast 'devised of his own heart' directly violates God's warning not to seek after own hearts.
Supported by Matthew Henry