2 Kings23
English Standard Version
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1 Then the , and the of and were to him.
2 And the to the of the Lord, and with him the of and the of and the and the , the , both and . And he in their the of the of the that had been in the of the Lord.
3 And the by the and a the Lord, to the Lord and to his and his and his with his and his , to the of that were in . And the in the .
4 And the the and the of the and the of the to bring of the of the Lord the for , for , and for the of . He them in the of the and their to .
5 And he the the of had to make in the at the of and ; those also who burned to , to the and the and the and the of the .
6 And he the from the of the Lord, , to the , and it at the and it to and the of it upon the of the .
7 And he broke the of the male were in the of the Lord, where the for the .
8 And he the out of the of , and the where the had , from to . And he broke the of the that were at the of the of the of the , were on at the of the .
9 , the of the did to the of the Lord in , but they their .
10 And he , is in the of the of , that his or his as an to .
11 And he the that the of had to the , at the to the of the Lord, by the of the , was in the . And he the of the with .
12 And the on the of the of , the of had , and the that had in the of the of the Lord, and broke in and the of them into the .
13 And the the that were east , to the of the of , the of had for the of the , and for the of , and for the of the .
14 And he the and the and their with the of .
15 , the at , the by the of , made to , that with the he and , it to . He also the .
16 And as , he the on the . And he and the out of the and them on the and it, according to the of the Lord the of , who had .
17 Then he , is that I ? And the of the him, It is the of the of who from and that you have the at .
18 And he , Let him ; his . So they his , with the of the who of .
19 And the of the that were in the of , of had , the Lord to . He to them he had at .
20 And he the of the were , on the , and on them. Then he to .
21 And the the , the to the Lord your , as it is in this of the .
22 had been since the of the who , during the of the of or of the of .
23 But in the of this was to the Lord in .
24 , the and the and the and the and all the that were in the of and in , that he might the of the that were in the that the in the of the Lord.
25 him there was him, who to the Lord with his and with his and with his , the of , did any him him.
26 the Lord did not from the of his , by his was against , of the with had him.
27 And the Lord , I will out of my , as I have , and I will I have , , and the of I , My shall be .
28 of the of and that he , are they in the of the of the of ?
29 In his of to the of to the . to him, and Pharaoh Neco him at , as soon as he him.
30 And his him in a from and him to and him in his own . And the of the the of , and him, and in his .
31 was when he began to , and he in . His was the of of .
32 And he what was in the of the Lord, that his had .
33 And put him in at in the of , that he might not in , and the a of a of and a of .
34 And the of in the of his , and his to . But he , and he to and .
35 And the and the to , but he the to the according to the of . He the and the of the of the , from according to his , to it to .
36 was when he began to , and he in . His was the of of .
37 And he what was in the of the Lord, that his had .
People in this chapter — 22
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2 Kings 23Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Kings 23. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Josiah reads the law, and renews the covenant. (1–3). He destroys idolatry. (4–14). The reformation extended to Israel, A passover kept. (15–24). Josiah slain by Pharaoh-nechoh. (25–30). Wicked reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim. (31–37).
vv1-3
Josiah had received a message from God, that there was no preventing the ruin of Jerusalem, but that he should only deliver his own soul; yet he does his duty, and leaves the event to God. He engaged the people in the most solemn manner to abolish idolatry, and to serve God in righteousness and true holiness. Though most were formal or hypocritical herein, yet much outward wickedness would be prevented, and they were accountable to God for their own conduct.
vv4-14
What abundance of wickedness in Judah and Jerusalem! One would not have believed it possible, that in Judah, where God was known, in Israel, where his name was great, in Salem, in Zion, where his dwelling-place was, such abominations should be found. Josiah had reigned eighteen years, and had himself set the people a good example, and kept up religion according to the Divine law; yet, when he came to search for idolatry, the depth and extent were very great. Both common history, and the records of God's word, teach, that all the real godliness or goodness ever found on earth, is derived from the new-creating Spirit of Jesus Christ.
vv15-24
Josiah's zeal extended to the cities of Israel within his reach. He carefully preserved the sepulchre of that man of God, who came from Judah to foretell the throwing down of Jeroboam's altar. When they had cleared the country of the old leaven of idolatry, then they applied themselves to the keeping of the feast. There was not holden such a passover in any of the foregoing reigns. The revival of a long-neglected ordinance, filled them with holy joy; and God recompensed their zeal in destroying idolatry with uncommon tokens of his presence and favour. We have reason to think that during the remainder of Josiah's reign, religion flourished.
Key Words
מֶלֶךְ: a king
שָׁלַח: to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
זָקֵן: old
יְהוּדָה: Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
אָסַף: to gather for any purpose; hence, to receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put up, restore, etc.)
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
Cross References
2 Kings 23Directly fulfills the 300-year-old prophecy of the man of God naming Josiah and predicting this burning of bones.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The parallel account of Josiah reading the book of the covenant to the assembled nation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the high places Solomon built for Chemosh and Molech which Josiah finally defiled and destroyed.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel confirmation that no such Passover had been kept in Israel since the days of the Samuel.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Lists the altars to Baal and the host of heaven built by Manasseh that Josiah destroyed.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Traces the origins of the sodomites in the land back to the reign of Rehoboam.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The language of turning with 'all his heart, soul, and might' directly echoes the Shema.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Explains why God's wrath was not quenched, in keeping with Huldah's prophecy in the prior chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Poole notes the Hebrew term 'Chemarim' for idolatrous priests matches the terminology here.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jeremiah describes Topheth in the Valley of Hinnom where children were burned to Molech.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains the 'prophet that came out of Samaria' who requested burial next to the Judean man of God.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Confirms the unpardonable provocations of Manasseh which sealed Judah's inevitable destruction despite Josiah's reforms.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Provides the detailed historical account of Josiah's fatal military encounter with Pharaoh Necho at Megiddo.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Asa similarly cut down and burned an abominable image at the brook Kidron.
Supported by JFB
Ezekiel reflects this degradation of the Levites who went astray after idols, restricting their sanctuary service.
Supported by JFB